4x4 is deceiving. With 2 open differentials it's one wheel in the front and one in the rear. Spinning both of the wheels with the least amount of traction. UNLESS you have a LSD of some sort in the differentials. Usually it's just in the rear. So at the most its 3 wheel drive.
If you have lockers front and rear it's really 4 wheel drive, but then you can't corner on pavement and it's kinda difficult in even medium traction situations.
I have a Eaton E-locker (button activated and must be at a dead stop when engaging it) in the front and a TracRite GT in the rear in my truck giving me at the least 3 wheel drive.
The rear is a multiplier. So zero traction on one wheel = zero shift to the other side. When ice is on one side of a hill w/o my locker engaged. I will actually go backwards down hill even though I have 2 wheels on dry pavement. Hence the addition of the e-locker in the front. That's usually enough to pull me to a point my rear wheel will get enough traction to shift torque to the other side giving me torque to both rear wheels.
AWD comes in various types. Our Q's have 2 open differentials using brake torque vectoring (intellegent AWD). This works fairly well.
Then you have the front to rear axle split making it even more complex.
At the most our Q's will get 50% of the torque to the front axle.
The military Hummer, IIRC, can supply 100% torque to one wheel if the other 3 have zero traction.
Often AWD is not all wheels getting power. "AWD" a selling point and not really all wheel drive at the same time when you need it the most.
Rarely will sales people even know how their 4x4 or AWD systems work.
Even LSD's have many configurations. Viscous, helical, clutch (needing friction additives) etc.
With "intelligent" AWD, on glare ice, will all 4 brakes be applied equally giving you virtually no power to the wheels?
Food for thought ?